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NEWSLETTER 10/2020 09.10.2020

 
 
Please acknowledge use of the database www.shark-references.com in your publications, and cite: 

Pollerspöck, J. & Straube, N. 2020, Bibliography database of living/fossil sharks, rays and chimaeras (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii, Holocephali), www.shark-references.com, World Wide Web electronic publication, Version 2020
 
NEWS/ OWN RESEARCH

 
Many thanks to all our users and supporters!

We just reached more than 10,000 likes and subscribers at our facebook website! 

 
 

NEW PARTNERS OF SHARK-REFERENCES


A new resource/website created by Andy Murch, who supported our project with many, many amazing images!

Please visit

SHARKSANDRAYS.COM
Over the next few months, the much loved but rather antiquated Elasmodiver Shark and Ray Database will slowly migrate to a brand new, up-to-date, mobile friendly platform at https://sharksandrays.com
As well as a more modern look, all of the species information is being completely rewritten with updated information and thousands of new high-resolution images. As each page gets completed, I will post a link on our Elasmodiver Facebook page to keep everyone in the loop.
Expanding on the original scope of Elasmodiver, the new website will have a member’s discussion forum for exchanging information on the whereabouts of shark and ray species, shark photography questions, shark science, and of course, the inevitable arguments regarding the pros and cons of baited shark dives ???? sigh...
The forum isn't live yet but once it is, I'll send out a blast to let everyone know.
For now, feel free to head over and take a look around. The site is expanding everyday, but be warned that there is still a lot of scaffolding to trip over and No Access signs in some areas.


Would you like to become a shark-reference partner? Please contanct us per E-mail!

Partner in Google-Maps

  
                        
 

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New Images

Many thanks to the following people for providing images:

Frederik Mollen (Elasmobranch Research Belgium) for the images of Hemiscyllium trispeculare RICHARDSON, 1843


Pradip Patade, India for images of Lamiopsis temminckii (MÜLLER & HENLE, 1839) and Sphyrna lewini (GRIFFITH & SMITH, 1834)


Mayur Fulmali, India for images of Alopias superciliosus (LOWE, 1841)


Sergio Momo, Argentinia for images of Discopyge tschudii HECKEL, 1846 and Sympterygia bonapartii MÜLLER & HENLE, 1841


Nicolas Gasco for a drawing of Etmopterus viator Straube 2011


G. M. MASUM BILLAH, India for images of Neotrygon indica PAVAN-KUMAR, KUMAR, PITALE, SHEN & BORSA, 2018


James Ellsworth for a image of Otodus (Megaselachus) chubutensis (AMEGHINO, 1901)


Chris Taklis for images of Mustelus mustelus (LINNAEUS, 1758)


Gustavo Chiaramonte, Argentina for images of Discopyge castelloi MENNI, RINCON & GARCIA, 2008


Tim Sosa for a drawing of Thrinacodus gracia (GROGAN & LUND, 2008)


Jean-Francois LHOMME, www.vertebres-fossiles.com, France for images of Striatolamia striata (WINKLER, 1874)


Giuseppe Marramà, Università degli Studi di Torino, Italy for images of Tethytrygon muricatus Volta, 1796


Márton Szabó, Hungarian Natural History Museum for a image of Asteracanthus dunaii  SZABÓ & FŐZY, 2020

 
 
 

Missing papers:

Many thanks to all friends of shark-references, who sent us some missing papers last month!

Shark-References would kindly like to ask you for your contribution to this project.

At the moment we are looking for some of the following papers:


Extinct Chondrichthyes:
NEWTON, E.T.  (1878) The chimeroid fishes of the British Cretaceous rocks. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, Monograph, 4: 1–64

MATSUMOTO, H. (1936) Upper Miocene vertebrates from Kumanodô, Natori district, province of Rikuzen. Dobutsugaku Zasshi, 48: 475–480, 5 fig.

ALVINERIE, J. & ANDREIEFF, P. & ANGLADA, R. & AUBERT, J. & CAPPETTA, H. & CARALP, M. & CARATINI, C. & CARBONNEL, G. & CATZIGRAS, F. & COURME-RAULT, M.-D. & CHATEAUNEUF, J.-J. & DEMARCQ, G. & DUCASSE, O. & FATTON, E. & GLAÇON, G. & LABRACHERIE, M. & LAURIAT, A. & LE CALVEZ, Y. & LORENZ, C. & MAGNE, J. & MARGEREL, J.-P. & POIGNANT, A. & PUJOL, C. & ROGER, J. & ROMAN, J. & BLONDEAU, A. & MULLER, C. (1973) A propos de la limite oligo-miocène: résultats préliminaires d'une recherche collective sur les gisements d'Escornébéou (Saint-Géours-de-Maremne, Landes, Aquitaine méridionale). Présence de Globigerinoides dans les faunes de l'Oligocène supérieur. Comptes rendus sommaires des séances de la Société géologique de France: 75–76

BOYD, B.M. (2016) Fossil sharks and rays of Gainesville creeks; Alachua County, Florida: Hogtown group; (middle Miocene to lower Pliocene). Florida Paleontological Society, Special Publication


Extant Chondrichthyes:

KAMOHARA, T. (1943) Some unrecorded and two new fishes from Prov. Tosa, Japan. Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 13 (17): 125–137

DE BUEN, F. (1950) Contribuciones a la Ictiología. II. El tiburón vitamínico de la costa uruguaya Galeorhinus vitaminicus nov. sp., y algunas consideraciones generales sobre su biología. Publicaciones Cientificas, Servicio Oceanografico y de Pesca, Ministerio de Industrias y Trabajo, Montevideo No. 4: 153–162.

CADENAT, J. (1951) Initiations Africaines. III. Poissons de Mer du Sénégal. Institute Francais d'Afrique Noire. Initiations Africaines. III. Poissons de Mer du Sénégal.: 1–345

WEIBEZAHN, F.H. (1953) Una nueva especie de Scyliorhinus de Venezuela (Chondrichthyes - Elasmobranchii). Novedades cientificas. Serie zoológica. Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, 9: 1–7.

SMITH, J.L.B. (1958) The mystery killer, the new shark Carcharhinus vanrooyeni. Veld & Vlei, 3 (9): 12–14, 28.

SICCARDI, E. (1961) Cetorhinus en el Atlantico sur (Elasmobranchii: Cetorhinidae). Actas y trabajos del Primer Congreso Sudamericano de Zoologia, 4 (5): 251–263

GUBANOV, E.P. & SCHLEIB, N.A. (1980) Sharks of the Arabian Gulf. Kuwait Ministry of Public Works, Agracultural Department, Fisheries Division. Sharks of the Arabian Gulf.: 1–69

DOLGANOV, V.N. (1983) Rukovodstvo po opredeleniyu khryashchevykh ryb dal'nevostochnykh morei SSSR i sopredel'nykh vod. [Manual for identification of cartilaginous fishes of Far East seas of USSR and adjacent waters.] TINRO, Vladivostok. Rukovodstvo po opredeleniyu khryashchevykh ryb dal'nevostochnykh morei SSSR i sopredel'nykh vod.: 92 pp.



Please support www.shark-references.com and send missing papers (not listed papers or papers without the info-symbol) to juergen.pollerspoeck@shark-references.com or nicolas.straube@shark-references.com



 

 

Upcoming Meetings:

NEW information!
After discussions with the EEA Board, we have decided to postpone this year’s European Elasmobranch Association Annual Meeting entirely until 2021. The good news is that it will be at the same venue, around the same time, just one year on! We hope to see you all there.

The 24th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Elasmobranch Association will be held by the Dutch member group Nederlandse Elasmobranchen Vereniging (NEV) in Leiden, the Netherlands between 28th and 30th October, 2020. The venue is the fascinating Naturalis Biodiversity Center.

Looking forward to seeing you in Leiden!

Important notice

Due to Dutch government measures in response to the Covid19 pandemic, all restaurants, hotels, sights, and attractions in the Netherlands are currently closed. All social gatherings are banned until June 1st, 2020. At this time, we assume that gatherings will be possible by October, and therefore we are going ahead with organizing the conference. Tickets to the conference can be purchased without risk. In case of cancellation due to Covid19 measures, all tickets will be reimbursed in full. In case of personal cancellation, a service fee of approx. 5 Euros will apply.


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Puebla, México, 19 - 23/04/2021

The Sociedad Mexicana de Peces Cartilaginosos, A. C. (SOMEPEC), is a non-profit organization that organizes the IX National Symposium of Sharks and Rays, and II Latin American Congress Sharks, Rays and Chimeras.

La Sociedad Mexicana de Peces Cartilaginosos, A. C. (SOMEPEC), es una organización sin fines de lucro, que busca promover el estudio científico de los tiburones y rayas, así como uso racional. Fiel a su objetivo de crear espacios para el intercambio de experiencias y avances de las diferentes líneas de investigación sobre tiburones y rayas, que se desarrollan en México y el resto del mundo, organiza el IX Simposium Nacional de Tiburones y Rayas, y II Congreso Latinoamericano de Tiburones, Rayas y Quimeras.

LogoIXSNTR_1_shadow


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Eighth International Meeting on the enhancement and preservation of paleontological heritage, at the science faculty of El Jadida, Morocco from November 25 to 27, 2020 (visit the web page : http://www.fs.ucd.ac.ma/fs/riv3p8).

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WCMB 2020 - ENTIRELY ONLINE NOW

We are excited to announce that the WCMB will be going ahead as planned in Auckland, but we will also be offering an online version of the conference for those that are not able to attend in person. Travel restrictions within New Zealand have been lifted so we will be partnering with the New Zealand Marine Sciences Society (who had to cancel their 2020 annual conference) as a means of increasing local participation in the conference. To accommodate our new partners the abstract submission deadline has been extended until the 14th June 2020.
 

Key Dates

• Early-bird Registration closes: 1 September 2020
• Late Registration starts: 1 December 2020
• Conference commences: 14 December 2020

 
 
TAXONOMIC NEWS/ NEW SPECIES


Extant Chondrichthyes:

KOEDA, K. & ITOU, M. & YAMADA, M. & MOTOMURA, H.  (2020): Rhynchobatus mononoke, a new species of wedgefish (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinidae) from Japan, with comments on Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch and Schneider 1801). Ichthyological Research, in press
New species: Rhynchobatus mononoke
AbstractRhynchobatus mononoke sp. nov. (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinidae) is described from mature male and female specimens from southern Japan. A juvenile specimen, newly born from a captive individual collected from Kagoshima, is also referenced (non-type). The new species can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of its obtusely wedge-shaped snout, bluntly rounded dorsal fins, first dorsal fin originating about level with the pelvic-fin origin, and the outer fold on the spiracle posterior margin more pronounced than the inner fold. Distinctive coloration of the new species included a black blotch, followed by a single white spot (rarely absent) posterodorsally on the middle of the pectoral disc, and a large black blotch covering the anterior half of the undersurface of snout. Distinct white spots distally on the pectoral disc to the middorsal area were absent. Most previous records of species of Rhynchobatus in Japanese waters were reidentified as Rhynchobatus australiae, except for the records from the northern East China Sea. Rhynchobatus mononoke appears to be endemic to southern Japan.



Extinct Chondrichthyes:


SZABÓ, M. & FŐZY, I. (2020): Asteracanthus (Hybodontiformes: Acrodontidae) remains from the Jurassic of Hungary, with the description of a new species and with remarks on the taxonomy and paleobiology of the genus. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 297 (3): 295 - 309
New species: Asteracanthus dunaii
Abstract: The present paper reports dental remains from Jurassic marine sediments of Hungary, referred to as Asteracanthus dunaii sp. nov. and Asteracanthus ornatissimus. Teeth of the new species Asteracanthus dunaii sp. nov. differ from all other Jurassic species of Asteracanthus by the unique occlusal ornamentation, by the presence of a mesiodistally running, low and wide transversal ridge (causing a hat-like, asymmetrical outline in cross-section view), and by the arched shape of the mesially domed second lateral teeth. The tooth material of the new species is assumed to belong to the same individual. The present study also highlights the importance of the revision of previously collected and/or not inventoried fossil materials housed in private and museum collections, and also that of untended sections of palaeontological collections worldwide. A revision of the Jurassic species of Asteracanthus, and a short summary of what we know about the feeding strategy and body size of Asteracanthus is also reported.
 
POPOV, E.V. & JOHNS, M.J. & SUNTOK, S. (2020): A New Genus of Chimaerid Fish (Holocephali, Chimaeridae) from the Upper Oligocene Sooke Formation of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 40 (1): 1772275
New species: Canadodus suntoki
Abstract: A chimaeroid mandibular dental plate from the nearshore upper Oligocene Sooke Formation west of Victoria, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, is described here as a new genus of chimaerid fish (Holocephali, Chimaeridae), Canadodus suntoki, gen. et sp. nov. The new genus differs from mandibular plates of both Recent and Cenozoic Chimaeridae (ChimaeraHydrolagus) in having a more robust plate with a massive symphyseal tritor filled by laminated whitlockin, the presence of a large compound median tritor and a small inner tritor, as well as the absence of solid whitlockin in the dental structure. The chimaerid individual is estimated to have measured nearly 1 m in total body length. This is a first record of a Paleogene chimaeroid fish in both British Columbia and Canada and only the second record from the Oligocene of the northern Pacific. In addition, the species Chimaera gosseletiWinkler, 1880, is transferred to the genus Harriotta, resulting in the new combination Harriotta gosseleti (Winkler, 1880).


Parasites:

ROUDSARI, H.M. & HASELI, M. (2020): Polypocephalus barsami sp. nov., a New Species of Polypocephalidae Meggitt, 1924 (Lecanicephalidea) from the Persian Gulf. Acta Parasitologica, in press
New species: Polypocephalus barsami
Abstract: Introduction: Although many batoid species, known as final hosts of lecanicephalidean cestodes, exist in the Persian Gulf, no knowledge regarding this cestode order is available for this region. This study is the first one focusing on this order in the Persian Gulf.
Methods: A total of 11 cowtail stingrays, Pastinachus sephen (Forsskål), were collected from the north eastern Persian Gulf. Isolated cestodes were fixed in 10% seawater-buffered formalin and stored in 70% ethanol. For morphological examinations, worms were stained using acetic carmine; a subset was prepared for SEM.
Results: A new species of Polypocephalus Braun, 1878 was described. Polypocephalus barsami sp. nov. is the only species within its genus reported outside the waters of Japan, India, Sri Lanka, and Egypt in the Indian Ocean. Since the microtriches were not described in the generic diagnosis of Polypocephalus, the description of the microtriches is added based on the standardised terminology. Furthermore, the characteristics of this new species were discussed and compared within Polypocephalus, many species of which have poor descriptions.
Conclusions: Polypocephalus barsami sp. nov. is the first report of the genus Polypocephalus in the Persian Gulf and the 15th valid species of its genus.
 
CHAPMAN, I. (2020): A Neoheterocotyle Species First Found in Japan. Ccamlr Science, 27 (1): 72-76
New species: Neoheterocotyle quadrispinata
Abstract: During a study of the monogeneans of Rhinobatos hynnicephalus Richardson, 1846 (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) collected from the central Seto Inland Sea, Hiroshima Prefecture and the southern Sea of Japan, Fukuoka Prefecture, one undescribed species of Neoheterocotyle was found. In the present paper, the new species is described with a molecular information. This is the first report of a Neoheterocotyle species from Japan. The new species are most similar in morphology to Nepenthes fragilis and N. rhinoceros. They have two pairs of dorsal parascleral sclera, but they differ in that the penis is curved proximally and the accessory teeth have a blade-like process.

MALEKI, L. &  VALINASAB, T. & PALM, H.W. (2020): A new species of Alexandercestus Ruhnke and Workman, 2013 (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) from the sicklefin lemon shark, Negaprion acutidens (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae), in the Gulf of Oman. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 44 (1): 110-115
New species: Alexandercestus masoumehae
Abstract: A new species, Alexandercestus masoumehae n. sp., is described from the sicklefin lemon shark, Negaprion acutidens (Rüppell), from the Iranian coast of the Gulf of Oman. The new species is the third in this genus, all parasitizing species of Negaprion Whitley. Based on morphological characters and scanning electron microscopy the new species is different from its congeners of in a combination of characters including total length, terminal proglottid length, cirrus sac length, and genital pore position. Compared to Alexandercestus gibsoni Ruhnke & Workman, 2013 and A. manteri Ruhnke & Workman, 2013 the specimens of the new species are smaller (7.08–8.5 mm), with a smaller terminal proglottid length to width ratio (1:0.7–1.3 vs. 1.4–3.2:1 and 1.2–3.1:1, respectively), and have a more anterior genital pore (70–73% of proglottid length vs. 42–66% and 41–65%, respectively). In addition, A. masoumehae possesses less foliose bothridia compared with A. gibsoni, and more densely packed vitelline follicles in comparison with A. manteri. The SEM examination of the scolex in the new species reveals a specific pattern of microtriches adding new details in our understanding of the surface morphology of members of Alexandercestus. Finally, the new species increases the total number of described tapeworm species from N. acutidens to five and the described tapeworms in the Persian Gulf and Gulf of Oman region to 65.

 

PLEASE send your new papers to
juergen.pollerspoeck@shark-references.com or 
nicolas.straube@shark-references.com   


Latest Research Articles


Extant Chondrichthyes:
AFONSO, A.S. & ROQUE, P. & FIDELIS, L. & VERAS, L. & CONDE, A. & MARANHAO, P. & LEANDRO, S. & HAZIN, F.H.V. (2020) Does Lack of Knowledge Lead to Misperceptions? Disentangling the Factors Modulating Public Knowledge About and Perceptions Toward Sharks. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7: 663 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00663
AICARDI, S. & AMAROLI, A. & GALLUS, L. & DIBLASI, D. & GHIGLIOTTI, L. & BETTI, F. & VACCHI, M. & FERRANDO, S. (2020) Quantification of neurons in the olfactory bulb of the catsharks Scyliorhinus canicula (Linnaeus, 1758) and Galeus melastomus (Rafinesque, 1810). Zoology, 141: 125796 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2020.125796
AJEMIAN, M.J. & DRYMON, J.M. & HAMMERSCHLAG, N. & WELLS, R.J.D. & STREET, G. & FALTERMAN, B. & MCKINNEY, J.A. & DRIGGERS, W.B. & HOFFMAYER, E.R. & FISCHER, C. & STUNZ, G.W. (2020) Movement patterns and habitat use of tiger sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier) across ontogeny in the Gulf of Mexico. PLoS ONE, 15 (7): e0234868 https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234868
ALDERETE-MACAL, M.J. & CARAVEO-PATINO, J. & HOYOS-PADILLA, E.M. (2020) Ontogenetic differences in muscle fatty acid profile of white sharks Carcharodon carcharias off Guadalupe Island, Mexico. Revista De Biologia Marina Y Oceanografia, 55 (1): 37-46  https://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2020.55.1.2372
ARAUJO, G. & MIRANDA, J.A. & ALLEN, H.L. & LABAJA, J. & SNOW, S. & PONZO, A. & LEGASPI, C.G. (2020) Whale sharks Rhincodon typus get cleaned by the blue-streak cleaner wrasseLabroides dimidiatusand the moon wrasse Thalassoma lunare in the Philippines. Journal of Fish Biology, in press  https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14464
BASIACO, A. & URWIN, C. & MANNE, T. (2020) Worked bone and teeth from Orokolo Bay in the Papuan Gulf (Papua New Guinea). Australian Archaeology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2020.1808560
BASTIEN, G. & BARKLEY, A. & CHAPPUS, J. & HEATH, V. & POPOV, S. & SMITH, R. & TRAN, T. & CURRIER, S. & FERNANDEZ, D.C. & OKPARA, P. & OWEN, V. & FRANKS, B. & HUETER, R. & MADIGAN, D.J. & FISCHER, C. & MCBRIDE, B. & HUSSEY, N.E. (2020) Inconspicuous, recovering, or northward shift: status and management of the white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) in Atlantic Canada. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 77 (10): 1666-1677 https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0055
BECERRILGARCÍA, E.E. & HOYOSPADILLA, E.M. & HENNING, B. & SALINASDE LEÓN, P. (2020) Sharks, rays, and chimaeras of the Revillagigedo National Park: An update of new and confirmed records. Journal of Fish Biology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14457
BONNIN, L. & LETT, C. & DAGORN, L. & FILMALTER, J.D. & FORGET, F. & VERLEY, P. & CAPELLO, M. (2020) Can drifting objects drive the movements of a vulnerable pelagic shark? Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3420
BUCKLEY, K.A. & CROOK, D.A. & EINODER, L.D. & PILLANS, R.D. & SMITH, L.D.G. & KYNE, P.M. (2020) Movement behaviours and survival of largetooth sawfish, Pristis pristis, released from a public aquarium. Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3400
BUT, G.W. & WU, H. & SHAO, K. & SHAW, P.-C. (2020) Rapid detection of CITES-listed shark fin species by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay with potential for field use. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 4455 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-61150-8
CALLE, P. & CALLE, L. & KRANENBARG, J. & VAN DER VELDEN, J.A. & MEIJER, A.J.M. & DE BOOIS, I. & DUBBELDAM, M. & JACOBUSSE, C. (2020) Vissen in Zeeland. Fauna Zeelandica IX. Stichting Het Zeeuwse Landschap. 301 pp. ISBN/EAN 978-90-806370-0-9
CARDENOSA, D. & FIELDS, A.T. & BABCOCK, E.A. & SHEA, S.K.H. & FELDHEIM, K.A. & CHAPMAN, D.D. (2020) Species composition of the largest shark fin retail-market in mainland China. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 12914 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-69555-1
CARTER, A.M. & SOMA, H. (2020) Viviparity in the longest-living vertebrate, the Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus). Placenta, 97: 26-28 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.placenta.2020.05.014
COLBACHINI, H. & PIZZUTTO, C.S. & JORGE-NETO, P.N. & GUTIERREZ, R.C. & GADIG, O.B.F. (2020) Body movement as an indicator of proceptive behavior in nurse sharks (Ginglymostoma cirratum). Environmental Biology of Fishes, 103: 1257–1263 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-01018-y
COOPER, J.A. & PIMIENTO, C. & FERRÓN, H.G. & BENTON, M.J. (2020) Body dimensions of the extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon: a 2D reconstruction. Scientific Reports, 10: 14596 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71387-y
CORSSO, J.T. & GADIG, O.B.F. & CALTABELLOTTA, F.P. & BARRETO, R. & MOTTA, F.S. (2020) Age and growth of two sharpnose shark species (Rhizoprionodon lalandii and R. porosus) in subtropical waters of the south-western Atlantic. Marine and Freshwater Research, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF19379
DIAZ-JAIMES, P. & BAYONA-VASQUEZ, N.J. & ESCATEL-LUNA, E. & URIBE-ALCOCER, M. & PECORARO, C. & ADAMS, D.H. & FRAZIER, B.S. & GLENN, T.C. & BABBUCCI, M. (2020) Population genetic divergence of bonnethead sharks Sphyrna tiburo in the western North Atlantic: Implications for conservation. Aquatic Conservation-Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3434
ELLIOTT, S.A.M. & BEARUP, D. & CARPENTIER, A. & LARIVAIN, A. & TRANCART, T. & FEUNTEUN, E. (2020) Evaluating the effectiveness of management measures on skates in a changing world. Biological Conservation, 248: 108684 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108684
ERHARDT, T. & WEDER, R. (2020) Shark hunting: On the vulnerability of resources with heterogeneous species. Resource and Energy Economics, 61: 101181 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reseneeco.2020.101181
ESTUPIÑÁN-MONTAÑO, C. & GALVÁN-MAGAÑA, F. (2020) First Insight into the Biological Aspects of the Crocodile Shark Pseudocarcharias kamoharai in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. Thalassas, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41208-020-00251-7
EVE, O. &  MATZ, H. & DOOLEY, H. (2020) Proof of long-term immunologic memory in cartilaginous fishes. Developmental and Comparative Immunology, 108: 103674 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2020.103674
FALAHIEHZADEH, N. & SALAMAT, N. (2020) Histomorphological and endocrine assessment of female Arabian carpetshark, Chiloscyllium arabicum (Elasmobranchii: Hemiscylliidae) from the Persian Gulf during annual reproductive cycle. Journal of Fish Biology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14419
FONSECA, E. & MACHADO, A.M. & VILAS-ARRONDO, N. & GOMES-DOS-SANTOS, A. & VERISSIMO, A. & ESTEVES, P. & ALMEIDA, T. & THEMUDO, G. & RUIVO, R. & PEREZ, M. & DAFONSECA, R. & SANTOS, M.M. & FROUFE, E. & ROMAN-MARCOTE, E. & VENKATESH, B. & CASTRO, L.F.C. (2020) Cartilaginous fishes offer unique insights into the evolution of the nuclear receptor gene repertoire in gnathostomes. General and Comparative Endocrinology, 295: 113527 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113527
GILMAN, E. & CHALOUPKA, M. & BACH, P. & FENNELL, H. & HALL, M. & MUSYL, M. & PIOVANO, S. & POISSON, F. & SONG, L.M. (2020) Effect of pelagic longline bait type on species selectivity: a global synthesis of evidence. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 30 (3): 535-551 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11160-020-09612-0
HART, N.S. (2020) Vision in sharks and rays: Opsin diversity and colour vision. Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology, 106: 12-19 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.03.012
HUTCHISON, Z.L. & GILL, A.B. & SIGRAY, P. & HE, H.B. & KING, J.W. (2020) Anthropogenic electromagnetic fields (EMF) influence the behaviour of bottom-dwelling marine species. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 4219 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60793-x
JAMBURA, P.L. & TÜRTSCHER, J. & KRIWET, J. &  & AL MABRUK, S.A.A. (2020) Deadly interaction between a swordfish Xiphias gladius and a bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus. Ichthyological Research, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00787-x
KINNE, R. & SPOKES, K.C. & SILVA, P. (2020) Sugar uptake, metabolism, and chloride secretion in the rectal gland of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 319 (1): R96-R105 https://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00060.2020.
KOEDA, K. & ITOU, M. & YAMADA, M. & MOTOMURA, H.  (2020) Rhynchobatus mononoke, a new species of wedgefish (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinidae) from Japan, with comments on Rhynchobatus laevis (Bloch and Schneider 1801). Ichthyological Research, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00777-z
LAMARCA, F. & CARVALHO, P.H. & VILASBOA, A. &  NETTO-FERREIRA, A.L. & VIANNA, M. (2020) Is multiple paternity in elasmobranchs a plesiomorphic characteristic? Environmental Biology of Fishes, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-020-01034-y
LE CROIZIER, G. & LORRAIN, A. & SONKE, J.E. & JAQUEMET, S. & SCHAAL, G. & RENEDO, M. & BESNARD, L. & CHEREL, Y. & POINT, D. (2020) Mercury isotopes as tracers of ecology and metabolism in two sympatric shark species. Environmental Pollution, 265 (Pt B): 114931  https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114931
LEA, J.S.E. & HUMPHRIES, N.E. & BORTOLUZZI, J. & DALY, R. & VONBRANDIS, R.G. & PATEL, EL. & PATEL, E. & CLARKE, C.R. & SIMS, D.W. (2020) At the Turn of the Tide: Space Use and Habitat Partitioning in Two Sympatric Shark Species Is Driven by Tidal Phase. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7: 624 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00624
LEGARE, B. & DEANGELIS, B. & SKOMAL, G. (2020) After the nursery: Regional and broad-scale movements of sharks tagged in the Caribbean. Marine Ecology, in press e12608 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maec.12608
LEWIS, R. & DAWSON, S. & RAYMENT, W. (2020) Estimating population parameters of broadnose sevengill sharks (Notorynchus cepedianus) usingphotoidentification capture-recapture. Journal of Fish Biology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14453
LIEBER, L. & HALL, G. & HALL, J. & BERROW, S. & JOHNSTON, E. & GUBILI, C. & SARGINSON, J. & FRANCIS, M. & DUFFY, C. & WINTNER, S.P. & DOHERTY, P.D. & GODLEY, B.J. & HAWKES, L.A. & WITT, M.J. & HENDERSON, S.M. & DESABATA, E. & SHIVJI, M.S. & DAWSON, D.A. & SIMS, D.W. & JONES, C.S. & NOBLE, L.R. (2020) Spatio-temporal genetic tagging of a cosmopolitan planktivorous shark provides insight to gene flow, temporal variation and site-specific re-encounters. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 1661 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58086-4
MEESE, E.N. & LOWE, C.G. (2020) Active acoustic telemetry tracking and tri-axial accelerometers reveal fine-scale movement strategies of a non-obligate ram ventilator. Movement Ecology, 8: 8 https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40462-020-0191-3
MITCHELL, J.D. & SCHIFILITI, M. & BIRT, M.J. & BOND, T. & MCLEAN, D.L. & BARNES, P.B. & LANGLOIS, T.J. (2020) A novel experimental approach to investigate the potential for behavioural change in sharks in the context of depredation. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, 530-531: 151440 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2020.151440
MOURIER, J. & CLAUDET, J. & PLANES, S. (2020) Human-induced shifts in habitat use and behaviour of a marine predator: the effects of bait provisioning in the blacktip reef shark. Animal Conservation, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12630
MUCIENTES, G. & GONZALEZ-PESTANA, A. (2020) Depredation by Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) on a Blue Shark (Prionace glauca) in Northeastern Atlantic. Aquatic Mammals, 46 (5): 478-482 https://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.46.5.2020.478
NEHMENS, M.C. & FELDHEIM, K.A. & EBERT, D.A. (2020) Understanding what we cannot see: a genetic approach to the mating system of the Southern Lanternshark, Etmopterus granulosus. Marine Biology, 167: 139 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-020-03751-5
NEVATTE, R.J. & WILLIAMSON, J.E. (2020) The Sawshark Redemption: Current knowledge and future directions for sawsharks (Pristiophoridae). Fish and Fisheries, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faf.12500
O'CALLAGHAN, S.A. & MASSETT, N. (2020) Short-Beaked Common Dolphins (Delphinus delphis) Observed Bow-Riding Basking Sharks (Cetorhinus maximus). Aquatic Mammals, 46 (5): 461-465 https://dx.doi.org/10.1578/AM.46.5.2020.461
PANCHENKO, V.V. & BALANOV, A.A. & SAVIN, A.B. (2020) Distribution and Size and Sex Composition of the Mud Skate Bathyraja taranetzi in the Pacific Waters off the Northern Kuril Islands and Coasts of Southeastern Kamchatka in the Summer Period. Journal of Ichthyology, 60 (4): 585-592 https://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0032945220040141
PAPASTAMATIOU, Y.P. & BODEY, T.W. & CASELLE, J.E. & BRADLEY, D. & FREEMAN, R. & FRIEDLANDER, A.M. & JACOBY, D.M.P. (2020) Multiyear social stability and social information use in reef sharks with diel fission-fusion dynamics. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 287 (1932): 20201063 https://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.1063
PARTON, K.J. & GODLEY, B.J. & SANTILLO, D. & TAUSIF, M. & OMEYER, L.C.M. & GALLOWAY, T.S. (2020) Investigating the presence of microplastics in demersal sharks of the North-East Atlantic. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 12204 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68680-1
PASCOE, S. & HUTTON, T. & HOSHINO, E. & SPORCIC, M. & YAMASAKI, S. & KOMPAS, T. (2020) Effectiveness of harvest strategies in achieving multiple management objectives in a multispecies fishery. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 64 (3): 700-723 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.12369
PEDA, C. & BATTAGLIA, P. & D'ALESSANDRO, M. & LAFACE, F. & MALARA, D. & CONSOLI, P. & VICCHIO, T.M. & LONGO, F. & ANDALORO, F. & BAINI, M. & GALLI, M. & BOTTARI, T. & FOSSI, M.C. & GRECO, S. & ROMEO, T. (2020) Coupling Gastro-Intestinal Tract Analysis With an Airborne Contamination Control Method to Estimate Litter Ingestion in Demersal Elasmobranchs. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 8: 119 https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2020.00119
PEGADO, M.R. & SANTOS, C.P. & RAFFOUL, D. & KONIECZNA, M. & SAMPAIO, E. & MAULVAULT, A.L. & DINIZ, M. & ROSA, R. (2020) Impact of a simulated marine heatwave in the hematological profile of a temperate shark (Scyliorhinus canicula). Ecological Indicators, 114: 106327 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106327
PETATÁNRAMÍREZ, D. & WHITEHEAD, D.A. & GUERREROIZQUIERDO, T. & OJEDARUIZ, M.A. & BECERRILGARCÍA, E.E. (2020) Habitat suitability of Rhincodon typus in three localities of the Gulf of California: Environmental drivers of seasonal aggregations. Journal of Fish Biology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14496
PILLANS, R.D. & FRY, G.C. & STEVEN, A.D.L. & PATTERSON, T. (2020) Environmental Influences on Long-term Movement Patterns of a Euryhaline Elasmobranch (Carcharhinus leucas) Within a Subtropical Estuary. Estuaries and Coasts, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00755-8
PIROG, A. & MAGALON, H. & POIROUT, T. & JAQUEMET, S. (2020) New insights into the reproductive biology of the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier and no detection of polyandry in Reunion Island, western Indian Ocean. Marine and Freshwater Research, 71 (10): 1301-1312 https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF19244
RAOULT, V. & PEDDEMORS, V. & ROWLING, K. & WILLIAMSON, J.E. (2020) Spatiotemporal distributions of two sympatric sawsharks (Pristiophorus cirratus and P. nudipinnis) in south-eastern Australian waters. Marine and Freshwater Research, 71 (10): 1342-1354 https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF19277
RODRÍGUEZ-GUTIÉRREZ, J. & GALVÁN-MAGAÑA, F. & JACOBO-ESTRADA, T. & ARREOLA-MENDOZA, L &  SUJITHA, S.B. &  JONATHAN, M.P. (2020) Mercury-selenium concentrations in silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) and their toxicological concerns in the southern Mexican Pacific. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 153: 111011 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111011
ROLIM, F.A. & SIDERS, Z.A. & CALTABELLOTTA, F.P. & ROTUNDO, M.M. & VASKE-JÚNIOR, T. (2020) Growth and derived life history characteristics of the Brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis. Journal of Fish Biology, 97 (2): 396-408 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14378
RUIZ-GARCÍA, D. & ADAMS, K. & BROWN, H. & DAVIS, A.R. (2020) Determining Stingray Movement Patterns in a Wave-Swept Coastal Zone Using a Blimp for Continuous Aerial Video Surveillance. Fishes, 5 (4): 31 https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes5040031
SALES, M.A.N. &  FREITAS, J.E.P. & CAVALCANTE, C.C. & SANTANDER-NETO, J. & CHARVET, P. & FARIA, V.V. (2020) The southernmost record and an update of the geographical range of the Atlantic chupare, Styracura schmardae (Chondrichthyes: Myliobatiformes). Journal of Fish Biology, 97 (1): 302-308 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14361
SANTANDER-NETO, J. & FARIA, V.V. (2020) Sharks and rays caught by a small-scale fisheries in the western equatorial Atlantic. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.14103
SCHMOLE, S. & BROWN, M. & WITTEVEEN, M. (2020) All washed up: spatial and temporal variation in the wash-up and fate of chondrichthyan egg cases along a section of the Garden Route, South Africa. African Journal of Marine Science, 42 (2): 141-149 https://dx.doi.org/10.2989/1814232x.2020.1760936
SHIMADA, K. & BECKER, M.A. & GRIFFITHS, M.L. (2020) Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon. Historical Biology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598
SREELEKSHMI, S. & SUKUMARAN, S. & KISHOR, T.G. & SEBASTIAN, W. & GOPALAKRISHNAN, A. (2020) Population genetic structure of the oceanic whitetip shark, Carcharhinus longimanus, along the Indian coast. Marine Biodiversity, 50: 78 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12526-020-01104-5
SWIFT, D.G. & PORTNOY, D.S. (2020) Identification and Delineation of Essential Habitat for Elasmobranchs in Estuaries on the Texas Coast. Estuaries and Coasts, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-020-00797-y
TAKLIS, C. & GIOVOS, I. & KARAMANLIDIS, A.A. (2020) Social media: a valuable tool to inform shark conservation in Greece. Mediterranean Marine Science, 21(3): 493-498 https://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.22165
THIELE, M. & MOURIER, J. & PAPASTAMATIOU, Y. & BALLESTA, L. & CHATEAUMINOIS, E. & HUVENEERS, C. (2020) Response of blacktip reef sharks Carcharhinus melanopterus to shark bite mitigation products. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 3563 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-60062-x
TOMITA, T. & NAKAMURA, M. & KOBAYASHI, Y. & YOSHINAKA, A. & MURAKUMO, K. (2020) Viviparous stingrays avoid contamination of the embryonic environment through faecal accumulation mechanisms. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 7378 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-64271-2
TSCHOPP, A. & CRISTIANI, F. & GARCIA, N.A. & CRESPO, E.A. & COSCARELLA, M.A. (2020) Trophic niche partitioning of five skate species of genus Bathyraja in northern and central Patagonia, Argentina. Journal of Fish Biology, 97 (3): 656-667 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14416
VALLE, M. & ROSAS-PUCHURI, U. & VELEZ-ZUAZO, X. (2020) Improving data deficiencies in length-weight relationships for fish species around an artificial breakwater and adjacent soft-bottom at the central coast of Peru. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.14089
WEST, K.M. &  STAT, M. & HARVEY, E.S. & SKEPPER, C.L. & DIBATTISTA, J.D. &  RICHARDS, Z.T. & TRAVERS, M.J. & NEWMAN, S.J. & BUNCE, M. (2020) eDNA metabarcoding survey reveals fine‐scale coral reef community variation across a remote, tropical island ecosystem. Molecular Ecology, 29 (6): 1069-1086 https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mec.15382
WRIGHT, S.R. & LYNAM, C.P. & RIGHTON, D.A. & METCALFE, J. & HUNTER, E. & RILEY, A. & GARCIA, L. & POSEN, P. & HYDER, K. (2020) Structure in a sea of sand: fish abundance in relation to man-made structures in the North Sea. Ices Journal of Marine Science, 77 (3): 1206-1218 https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsy142
WYFFELS, J. & COCO, C. & SCHREIBER, C. & PALMER, D. & CLAUSS, T. & BULMAN, F. & GEORGE, R. & PELTON, C. & FELDHEIM, K. & HANDSEL, T. (2020) Natural environmental conditions and collaborative efforts provide the secret to success for sand tiger shark Carcharias taurus reproduction in aquaria. Zoo Biology, 39 (5): 355-363  https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21558


Extinct Chondrichthyes:

BEEVOR, T. & QUIGLEY, A. & SMITH, R.E. & SMYTH, R.S.H. & IBRAHIM, N. & ZOUHRI, S. & MARTILL, D.M. (2021) Taphonomic evidence supports an aquatic lifestyle for Spinosaurus. Cretaceous Research, 117: 104627 https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104627
COOPER, J.A. & PIMIENTO, C. & FERRÓN, H.G. & BENTON, M.J. (2020) Body dimensions of the extinct giant shark Otodus megalodon: a 2D reconstruction. Scientific Reports, 10: 14596 https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71387-y
DANKINA, D. & SPIRIDONOV, A. & STINKULIS, G. & MANZANARES, E. & RADZEVIČIUS, S.  (2020) A late Permian ichthyofauna from the Zechstein Basin, Lithuanian–Latvian Region. Journal of Iberian Geology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41513-020-00135-y
MARRAMÀ, G. & CARNEVALE, G. & NAYLOR, G.J.P. & KRIWET, J. (2020) Skeletal anatomy, phylogenetic relationships, and paleoecology of the Eocene urolophid stingray Arechia crassicaudata (Blainville, 1818) from Monte Postale (Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, in press e1803339 https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1803339
POPOV, E.V. & JOHNS, M.J. & SUNTOK, S. (2020) A New Genus of Chimaerid Fish (Holocephali, Chimaeridae) from the Upper Oligocene Sooke Formation of British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 40 (1): 1772275 https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1772275
REUMER, J. (2020) Gids voor de Winterswijkse steengroeve. Fossielen en mineralen. Stichting Matrijs, Utrecht. 136 pp.
SHIMADA, K. & BECKER, M.A. & GRIFFITHS, M.L. (2020) Body, jaw, and dentition lengths of macrophagous lamniform sharks, and body size evolution in Lamniformes with special reference to ‘off-the-scale’ gigantism of the megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon. Historical Biology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2020.1812598
SZABÓ, M. & FŐZY, I. (2020) Asteracanthus (Hybodontiformes: Acrodontidae) remains from the Jurassic of Hungary, with the description of a new species and with remarks on the taxonomy and paleobiology of the genus. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 297 (3): 295 - 309  https://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/2020/0926
VILLALOBOS-SEGURA, E. & UNDERWOOD, C.J. (2020) Radiation and divergence times of Batoidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2020.1777147
     

Parasites:
CHAPMAN, I. (2020) A Neoheterocotyle Species First Found in Japan. Ccamlr Science, 27 (1): 72-76
GUYER, R.R. & JENSEN, K. (2020) Morphological variation in the hyperapolytic lecanicephalidean species Anteropora japonica (Yamaguti, 1934) (Eucestoda). Folia Parasitologica, 67: 006 https://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2020.006
MALEKI, L. &  VALINASAB, T. & PALM, H.W. (2020) A new species of Alexandercestus Ruhnke and Workman, 2013 (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) from the sicklefin lemon shark, Negaprion acutidens (Elasmobranchii: Carcharhinidae), in the Gulf of Oman. Journal of Parasitic Diseases, 44 (1): 110-115 https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12639-019-01168-6
NEVATTE, R.J. & WILLIAMSON, J.E. (2020) The Sawshark Redemption: Current knowledge and future directions for sawsharks (Pristiophoridae). Fish and Fisheries, in press https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/faf.12500
ROUDSARI, H.M. & HASELI, M. (2020) Polypocephalus barsami sp. nov., a New Species of Polypocephalidae Meggitt, 1924 (Lecanicephalidea) from the Persian Gulf. Acta Parasitologica, in press  https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11686-020-00265-4
 
 

MISCELLANEOUS:

 


OCEAN NEWS

Mermaids’ purses

Photo © Khairil Azhar Junos | Shutterstock.
 
BY RUTH H. LEENEY, 3RD SEPTEMBER 2020

Have you ever found a mermaid’s purse on the beach? These little capsules can be cast upon the beach where they blend in well with strands of seaweed, so you need to be looking carefully to find one! Perhaps, in the past, some people believed that they were indeed purses or bags for the treasures belonging to a mermaid, but we now know that they hold very different kinds of treasure. Mermaids’ purses, also called eggcases, are in fact the protective cases inside which eggs develop into baby sharks and skates! ....

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New shark research targets a nearly endangered species

Date: September 15, 2020
Source: Nova Southeastern University
Summary: They are some of the most iconic and unique-looking creatures in our oceans. While some may think they look a bit 'odd,' one thing researchers agree on is that little is known about hammerhead sharks. Thanks to a team of researchers, that's all changing.

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Whale shark caught by fishing trawler at Sassoon Dock, state authorities to book offenders

Whale sharks are a protected species under Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act (WPA), 1972, and also listed as an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
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Ancient bony fish forces rethink of how sharks evolved

Date: September 7, 2020
Source: Imperial College London
Summary: Sharks' non-bony skeletons were thought to be the template before bony internal skeletons evolved, but a new fossil discovery suggests otherwise.

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True size of prehistoric mega-shark finally revealed

Date: September 3, 2020
Source: University of Bristol
Summary: A new study has revealed the size of the legendary giant shark Megalodon, including fins that are as large as an adult human.

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Body size of the extinct Megalodon indeed off the charts in the shark world

Date: October 5, 2020
Source: Taylor & Francis Group
Summary: A new study shows that the body size of the iconic gigantic or megatooth shark, about 15 meters (50 feet) in length, is indeed anomalously large compared to body sizes of its relatives.

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